Because of the close relation between land use, environment, economic and transportation, it is necessary to co-ordinate land use and transportation planning. Professionals seek integrated approaches to ensure that urban, regional and economic development takes place in an environment that addresses social needs. This general aspect applies to all types of industrialised countries, countries in transition and the developing countries. However, in different countries, and regions within those countries, there are varying structural relationships and problems that planners must address. It is not necessary to have a conflict between economies and improving the environment: but it is necessary to avoid such a conflict. There is no standard solution for solving problems to ensure appropriate development. So it is important to have knowledge of the cause of the problems and the effect of measures in different situations.

Appendices to this report (19 case studies and 5 databases) are only available on the PIARC website.